02105nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006800126300001300194490000700207520127500214653001201489653001801501653000801519653001601527653001201543653003301555653002801588653002201616653002801638653001401666653002201680653002401702100001701726700002401743856004801767       2005                        eng d  a1055-790300aPhylogeny of Ephemeroptera (mayflies) based on molecular evidence.0 aPhylogeny of Ephemeroptera mayflies based on molecular evidence  a625–430 v373 a<p>This study represents the first molecular phylogeny for the Order Ephemeroptera. The analyses included 31 of the 37 families, representing approximately 24% of the genera. Fifteen families were supported as being monophyletic, five families were supported as nonmonophyletic, and 11 families were only represented by one species, and monophyly was not testable. The suborders Furcatergalia and Carapacea were supported as monophyletic while Setisura and Pisciforma were not supported as monophyletic. The superfamilies Ephemerelloidea and Caenoidea were supported as monophyletic while Baetoidea, Siphlonuroidea, Ephemeroidea, and Heptagenioidea were not. Baetidae was recovered as sister to the remaining clades. The mayfly gill to wing origin hypothesis was not supported nor refuted by these data. Mandibular tusks were supported as having at least one loss in Behningiidae and, together with the burrowing lifestyle, possibly two origins. The fishlike body form was supported as plesiomorphic for mayflies with multiple secondary losses. Topological sensitivity analysis was used as a tool to examine patterns concerning the stability of relationships across a parameter landscape, providing additional information that may not have been acquired otherwise.</p>
10aAnimals10aBase Sequence10aDNA10aDNA Primers10aInsects10aInsects: anatomy & histology10aInsects: classification10aInsects: genetics10aMolecular Sequence Data10aphylogeny10aSequence Analysis10aSpecies Specificity1 aOgden, Heath1 aWhiting, Michael, F  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621437502850nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260000800275300001300283490000700296520222700303100002002530700002002550700002502570700002502595856004802620       2013                        eng d  a1095-951300aEndemism and diversification in freshwater insects of Madagascar revealed by coalescent and phylogenetic analysis of museum and field collections.0 aEndemism and diversification in freshwater insects of Madagascar  cmar  a979–910 v663 a<p>The biodiversity and endemism of Madagascar are among the most extraordinary and endangered in the world. This includes the island&#39;s freshwater biodiversity, although detailed knowledge of the diversity, endemism, and biogeographic origin of freshwater invertebrates is lacking. The aquatic immature stages of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are widely used as bio-indicators and form an important component of Malagasy freshwater biodiversity. Many species are thought to be microendemics, restricted to single river basins in forested areas, making them particularly sensitive to habitat reduction and degradation. The Heptageniidae are a globally diverse family of mayflies (&gt;500 species) but remain practically unknown in Madagascar except for two species described in 1996. The standard approach to understanding their diversity, endemism, and origin would require extensive field sampling on several continents and years of taxonomic work followed by phylogenetic analysis. Here we circumvent this using museum collections and freshly collected individuals in a combined approach of DNA taxonomy and phylogeny. The coalescent-based GMYC analysis of DNA barcode data (mitochondrial COI) revealed 14 putative species on Madagascar, 70% of which were microendemics. A phylogenetic analysis that included African and Asian species and data from two mitochondrial and four nuclear loci indicated the Malagasy Heptageniidae are monophyletic and sister to African species. The genus Compsoneuria is shown to be paraphyletic and the genus Notonurus is reinstalled for African and Malagasy species previously placed in Compsoneuria. A molecular clock excluded a Gondwanan vicariance origin and instead favoured a more recent overseas colonization of Madagascar. The observed monophyly and high microendemism highlight their conservation importance and suggest the DNA-based approach can rapidly provide information on the diversity, endemism, and origin of freshwater biodiversity. Our results underline the important role that museum collections can play in molecular studies, especially in critically endangered biodiversity hotspots like Madagascar where entire species or populations may go extinct very quickly.</p>
1 aVuataz, Laurent1 aSartori, Michel1 aGattolliat, Jean-Luc1 aMonaghan, Michael, T  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326171100699nas a2200229   4500008004100000245007000041210006800111300001400179490000700193653001100200653001800211653002300229653002100252653001200273653002400285653002000309653001400329653002500343100001400368700001600382856007100398       2005                        eng d00aPhylogeny of Ephemeroptera (mayflies) based on molecular evidence0 aPhylogeny of Ephemeroptera mayflies based on molecular evidence  a625–6430 v3710adirect10aephemeroptera10aevolution of xight10amandibular tusks10amayxies10amolecular phylogeny10aorigin of wings10apterygota10asensitivity analysis1 aOgden, TH1 aWhiting, MF  uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790305002617